Learn how to create a water reflection effect in Photoshop with realistic water ripples. A step-by-step tutorial for Photoshop CC and CS6.
As we'll see, there's three main parts to creating the water reflection effect. We'll start by creating the basic reflection itself by making a copy of our image, dragging it below the original, and then flipping it so that the image on the bottom mirrors the image above. We'll add motion blur and even a bluish tint to help the reflection look more like water.
, a special type of document in Photoshop that we can use to bend, warp and reshape our image. And finally, we'll take our displacement map and apply it to the water reflection to create realistic looking waves and ripples! We'll even add a shadow along the shoreline to make it look like it slopes into the water. There's lots of steps, but as always, I'll walk you through each one so you can easily follow along even if you're a beginner.
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Here's an example of what the water reflection effect will look like when we're done. At the end, I'll show you how to experiment with the effect to get the best results with your image:
In the Layers panel, we see the image on the Background layer. The Background layer is locked, indicated by the lock icon on its far right. We need to unlock it so we can place other layers below it, and we can do that just by renaming it. Double-click on the name "Background":
Make a copy of the layer. We'll use the copy to create the water reflection. Press and hold the Alt (Win) / Option (Mac) key on your keyboard as you click and drag the "Photo" layer down onto the New Layer icon at the bottom of the Layers panel:
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Release your mouse button, and then release your Alt / Option key. Photoshop opens the Duplicate Layer dialog box. Name the layer "Reflection", and then click OK:
Convert the "Reflection" layer into a Smart Object by clicking the menu icon in the upper right corner of the Layers panel:
A Smart Object icon appears in the lower right of the "Reflection" layer's preview thumbnail, telling us that the layer is now a Smart Object. Any filters we apply to the layer will now be applied as editable Smart Filters:
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Add more canvas space below the photo to make room for the water reflection. Go up to the Image menu in the Menu Bar and choose Canvas Size:
In the Canvas Size dialog box, set the Width to 100 Percent and the Height to 200 Percent. Leave Relative unchecked. To add all of the extra space
Photoshop adds the extra space below the image. If the extra space extends off your screen, press Ctrl+0 (Win) / Command+0 (Mac) on your keyboard to choose Photoshop's Fit on Screen command:
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Move the "Reflection" image below the main photo and into the new canvas space by selecting the Move Tool from the Toolbar:
Press and hold your Shift key as you click and drag the image down into the new canvas area. The Shift key limits the direction you can move, making it easy to drag straight down:
Flip the image on the "Reflection" layer vertically so that the water reflection mirrors the photo above it. Go up to the Edit menu in the Menu Bar, choose Transform, and then choose Flip Vertical:
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In the Layers panel, click on the "Reflection" layer and drag it down below the "Photo" layer. When a white horizontal bar appears below the "Photo" layer, release your mouse button to drop the "Reflection" layer into place:
Add some motion blur to the water reflection using Photoshop's Motion Blur filter. With the "Reflection" layer still selected, go up to the Filter menu in the Menu Bar, choose Blur, and then choose Motion Blur:
In the Motion Blur dialog box, set the Angle to 90°, and then set the Distance to somewhere between 10-20 pixels depending on the size of your image (larger images will need more blurring). I'll go with 20 pixels. Click OK to close the dialog box:
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Here's the effect with a subtle amount of motion blur added to the water. After applying the Motion Blur filter, you may notice a horizontal line running through the center of the document, between the main photo and the reflection image. That's an artifact of the Motion Blur filter, and we'll clean it up later. Just ignore it for now:
In the Layers panel, the Motion Blur filter appears as a Smart Filter below the "Reflection" layer. If you want to change the blur amount, double-click on the words "Motion Blur" to re-open the filter's dialog box and adjust the Distance value as needed:
Since water tends to look blue, let's add a bluish tint to the reflection. Click on the New Fill or Adjustment Layer icon at the bottom of the Layers panel:
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In the Color Picker, choose a muted blue by setting the R value to 40, the G value to 110 and the B value to 185, and then click OK to close the Color Picker:
The reason it's covered in blue is because Photoshop added the fill layer, named "Color Fill 1", between the "Photo" and "Reflection" layers. Click on the fill layer and drag it down below the "Reflection" layer. This will hide the blue fill layer, allowing the water reflection to re-appear. We'll bring the blue color back in a moment:
Next, let's adjust the appearance of the motion blur in the water reflection so that the blur effect fades away as it moves further from shore. Select the Smart Filters layer mask by clicking on the layer mask thumbnail to the left of the words "Smart Filters":
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In the Options Bar, click on the small arrow to the right of the gradient color swatch, and then choose the Black to White gradient by double-clicking on its thumbnail (third from the left, top row). This selects the gradient and closes the Gradient Picker:
Still in the Options Bar, make sure the Linear gradient style is selected by clicking its icon (directly to the right of the gradient color swatch):
Click at the bottom of the document to set a starting point for the gradient. Keep your mouse button held down and drag upwards to the middle (to the top of the water reflection image). Hold your Shift key as you drag to make it easier to drag straight up vertically:
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Release your mouse button to complete the gradient. The motion blur effect now gradually fades as it moves from the top of the water reflection to the bottom:
Now that we've faded the motion blur effect, let's fade the water reflection itself so that it blends in with our blue fill layer. We'll do that by adding an exact copy of our layer mask to the "Reflection" layer. Press and hold the Ctrl (Win) / Command (Mac) key on your keyboard and click on the Smart Filters layer mask thumbnail. This loads the layer mask as a selection (a selection outline will appear in the document):
Make sure the "Reflection" layer is selected, and then click the Add Layer Mask icon at the bottom of the Layers panel:
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Photoshop converts the selection outline into a new layer mask, giving us an identical mask with the same black to white gradient on the "Reflection" layer:
With the layer mask added, the water reflection now gradually fades from top to bottom into the blue from our Solid Color fill layer:
If the blue looks too strong, you can fade it in Photoshop's Properties panel. Make sure the layer mask thumbnail on the "Reflection" layer is selected. Then, in the Properties panel, lower the Density value by dragging the slider to the left. The more you lower it, the more the blue color will fade away. I'll lower mine down to 50%:
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We need to combine the "Reflection" layer and the fill layer below it into a single Smart Object. With the "Reflection" layer selected, press and hold your Shift key and click on the fill layer. This selects both layers at once:
To make the reflection look more like water, we'll add ripples to it using a displacement map. The displacement map needs to be a separate Photoshop document, and it needs to be the same size as our current document. Make sure the "Reflection" Smart Object is selected in the Layers panel, and then go up to the Select menu and choose All. This places a selection outline around the entire image:
This opens the New Document dialog box. Since we copied our image to the clipboard, Photoshop automatically sets the Width, Height and Resolution of the new document to the same values as the original document. Click Create (Photoshop CC) or OK (CS6) to create the document:
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The first thing we'll do with our displacement map is add some noise. In the new document, go up to the Filter menu, choose Noise, and then choose Add Noise:
In the Add Noise dialog box, set the Amount to 400%, and then choose Gaussian and Monochromatic at the
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